![]() ![]() As a result of these changing sociological factors within China, both traditional styles and modern wushu approaches are being promoted by the International Wushu Federation. This closure is viewed as an attempt to partially de-politicize organized sports and move Chinese sports policies towards a more market-driven approach. Changing government policies and attitudes towards sports in general led to the closing of the State Sports Commission (the central sports authority) in 1998. In 1986, the Chinese National Research Institute of Wushu was established as the central authority for the research and administration of wushu activities in China. In 1979, China's State Commission for Physical Culture and Sports created a special task force for teaching and practice of Wushu. The push for standardization continued leading to widespread adaptation. Wushu became the government-sponsored standard for training in martial arts in China. Stylistic concepts such as hard, soft, internal, and external, as well as classifications based on schools such as Shaolin, tai chi, Wudangquan, and others were all integrated into one system. This new system sought to incorporate common elements from all styles and forms as well as the general ideas associated with Chinese martial arts. Wushu was introduced at both the high school and university level. During this period, a national wushu system that included standard forms, teaching curriculum, and instructor grading was established. The Chinese State Commission for Physical Culture and Sports led the creation of standardized forms for most of the major arts. In 1958, the Chinese government established an organization for martial arts training. The term reverted to wushu under the People's Republic of China during the early 1950s. In 1928 the name was changed to "national arts" (國術 guóshù) when the National Martial Arts Academy was established in Nanjing. During the Song period (circa 960) the name changed to "martial arts" (武藝 wǔyì). ![]() The earliest term for 'martial arts' can be found in the Han History (206BC-23AD) was "military fighting techniques" (兵技巧 bīng jìqiǎo). The term wushu is also found in a poem by Cheng Shao (1626–1644) from the Ming dynasty. Translation from Echoes of the Past by Yan Yanzhi (384–456) The great man grows the many myriad things. The term is found in the second verse of a poem by Yan Yanzhi titled: Huang Taizi Shidian Hui Zuoshi (皇太子釋奠會作詩). 531), called "Selected Literature" (文選 Wénxuǎn). The term wushu being used for 'martial arts' goes back as far as the Liang Dynasty (502–557) in an anthology compiled by Xiao Tong (蕭通), (Prince Zhaoming 昭明太子 d. This implies that wu is a defensive use of combat. Its Chinese character is made of two parts the first meaning “walk” or “stop” (止 zhǐ) and the second meaning “lance” (戈 gē). Wushu is an official event at the Asian Games, East Asian Youth Games, Southeast Asian Games, World Combat Games, and in various other multi-sport events. ![]() In contemporary times, wushu has become an international sport under the International Wushu Federation (IWUF), which holds the World Wushu Championships every two years. ![]() It has a long history of Chinese martial arts and was developed in 1949 to standardize the practice of traditional Chinese martial arts, though attempts to structure the various decentralized martial arts traditions date back earlier when the Central Guoshu Institute was established at Nanjing in 1928. Wushu is practiced both through forms, called taolu, and as a full-contact combat sport, known as sanda. "Wushu" is the Chinese term for "martial arts" (武 "Wu" = combat or martial, 術 "Shu" = art), reflecting the art's goal as a compilation and standardization of various styles. It integrates concepts and forms from various traditional and modern Chinese martial arts, including Shaolin kung fu, tai chi, and Wudangquan. Wushu (武術) ( / ˌ w uː ˈ ʃ uː/), or kung fu, is a competitive Chinese martial art. Striking, Grappling, Throwing, Performance Martial Art ![]()
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